The Science Behind Light Bulbs

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The Science Behind Light Bulbs by Pedro Strovalinski

The structure of a light bulb is fairly simple. At the base there are two small metal contacts which are connected to the ends of the electric circuit. These metal contacts are attached to two hard wires. These wires are attached to a fine metal filament. This filament stands in the centre of the bulb held in place by a glass mount. The filament all the wires are encased in a glass bulb which is filled with an inert gas like argon.

An electric current flows from one metal contact to the other when the bulb is connected to a power supply moving through the wires filament. Electric current inside a solid conducter is defined by the mass movement of free electrons electrons that aren't strongly attached to an atom from an area of negative charge to an area of positive charge.

Electrons constantly collide with the atoms in the filament as the zip through it. The energy produced by each collision vibrates the atoms which heats them up. A thinner electrical conductor heats up easier quicker than a thicker one this is because it has a far greater resistance to electron movement.

Bound electrons inside the vibrating atoms can be temporarily enhanced to a higher energy level when they receed back to their normal energy level they release extra energy in the form of photons. Atoms of metal mostly release infrared light which human eyes cannot see. However if they are heated enough in the case of a light bulb around 2,200 degrees C 4,000 degrees F they will emit lots of clearly visible light.

Within the light bulb itself the filament is long very thin wire of tungsten metal. This is used is very nearly all incandescent light bulbs this is because tungsten is simply ideal to use for the filament material. Most other metals would melt under such high temperatures the structural bonds between the atoms would be broken apart by the vibrations caused by the heat hence the material becomes liquid. Tungsten is the favoured metal to use in light bulbs because of its high melting temperature. However with that said tungsten will set on fire when it reaches such extreme temperatures in the right conditions. Combustion is the end result of two particular chemicals reacting with each other which occurs when one of said chemicals reaches it's ignition heat. On earth at least combustion is almost always a reaction between the atmosphere's oxygen a given heated material but there are other chemical combinations that will ignite as well. The lightbulb's filament is encased in a sealed chamber free of oxygen therefore avoiding combustion. In the early days of light bulbs a near vacuum was created inside the bulb by sucking out all or nearly all of the air as a result of this there was barley any oxygen in the bulb preventing combustion.

The main flaw with this method was that the tungsten atoms were evaporating. At the high temperatures required occasionally a tungsten atom vibrates heavily enough to separate itself form surrounding atoms launches itself into the air. In the old style vacuum bulbs the free atoms of tungsten shoot out in straight line build up on the inside of the glass bulb. As this happens over over again the filament is losing atoms therefore starts to disintegrate the glass gets darker darker as it fills up with atoms. This has a massive effect on the lifespan of a light bulb.

However in modern day light bulbs inert gases are used inside them to reduce the loss of tungsten usually argon. So when an atom of tungsten separates itself form filament evaporates it highly likely that it will bounce off an atom of argon be pushed back towards the filament to rejoin the tungsten structure. Because inert gases are normally unreactive with all other elements it will not create a combustion reaction within the light bulb.

The modern incandescent light bulbs emit the majority of their energy as heat carrying photons. Only around 10% of the light porduced by these bulbs in actually in the visible spectrum. This is quite a big waste of electricity. Sources of "cool light" like LEDs anf fluorescent lamps don't waste a great deal of energy producing heat the majority of what they em it just visible light this is the reason that they slowly phasing out the old reliable light bulb.

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Q A About Tarkett FiberFloor

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Q A About Tarkett FiberFloor by Toby Johns

If you ask any homeowner what is the pride joy in their home theyll will often reply that it their floors. With discount Tarkett flooring you can be assured of years of satisfaction that will enhance the look value of your home. These days many retailers are competing for the homeowners business are offering exceptional deals on discount Tarkett flooring as well as flooring from other premium top shelf manufacturers. With proper care treatment your floors can last as long as you do

Tarkett FiberFloor products like all their flooring products are engineered to the highest standards are renowned for their consistently superior quality ease of installation durability. However employing top quality materials only tells half the story. A floor coverings beauty serviceability is also dependent on how well it installed over a suitable substrate. Tarkett provides installation instructions that make it a simple matter to accomplish each installation of Tarkett resilient flooring. As part of Tarketts pledge their flooring products are covered by extensive warranties against manufacturing defects.

Here are a few of the questions folks commonly ask about Tarkett FiberFloor:

What is the best way to describe FiberFloor

Popular in Europe for over a decade FiberFloor is new type of resilient flooring that has finally reached the shores of the US. Combining a soft cushioned feel with minimal maintenance top notch durability FiberFloor gives the best of the most popular requested features in flooring. Its unique balanced construction permits the floor to lie flat without requiring the use of glue.

Where can maintenance warranty information for Tarkett FiberFloor be obtained Tarkett maintenance warranty information is available at most Tarkett retailers. This information can also be obtained by calling Tarkett at 1 888 639 8275 or by visiting their website.

What is the best way to clean a Tarkett FiberFloor Tarkett floors are easy to clean by simply sweeping or vacuuming them to remove dirt or grit. Washing a Tarkett floor is easily done by using any floor cleaner suitable for resilient flooring such as Tarkett SureShine Floor Cleaner.

Do Tarkett FiberFloors require waxing Tarkett floors do not require waxing or polishing but can be applied if you wish to provide additional protection. Tarkett recommends using Tarkett SureShine High Gloss Polish or Tarkett SureShine Satin Gloss Polish depending on your floors finish.

What kind of rugs or mats can be used on Tarkett FiberFloor Because some rubber backed rugs mats can stain floors it recommended that a nonstaining type rug or mat is used. If in doubt contact your rug manufacturer to see if it acceptable to put over a Tarkett floor.

Which type of floor protectors do you recommend You should have wide smooth non staining protective load bearing rests installed for frequently moved furniture. If using hard plastic glides you should make sure that they are non pigmented are at minimum one inch in diameter. You can also use felt pads but rubber type floor protectors may possibly stain Tarkett floors.

What is the recommended method for removing stains from Tarkett FiberFloors As with any type of flooring you can should wipe spills immediately with either a mop or damp cloth in order to avoid staining. Household stains can typically be removed with a high quality floor cleaner such as Tarket SureShine Floor Cleaner.

How are Tarkett FiberFloors installed Tarkett FiberFloors are typically installed using either the Glueless or Full Spread Installation method. The Tarkett FiberFloor Installation Manual provides additional information.

What surfaces can FiberFloors flooring be installed over Tarkett FiberFloor is typically installed over above grade on grade or below grade concrete substrates above grade plywood substrates approved properly prepared existing floors. The Tarkett FiberFloor Installation Manual provides additional information.

Can Tarkett FiberFloor be installed over radiant heated floors

Tarkett FiberFloor may be installed over radiant heated floors. The operating temperature must not be greater than 85F 29C .

In the event of damage can Tarkett Fiberfloors be repaired FiberFloors can be repaired in different ways depending on the level of damage. A qualified professional installer can perform most repairs.

If you are able to locate discount Tarkett flooring within your local area it certainly worth your time effort to evaluate samples examine your home's interior then make a a few informative educated decisions before your purchase. If for any reason you are unable to locate discount Tarkett flooring in your reegional vicinity you can get valued information from other such online sources as The Discount Flooring Suppliers web site or directly form Tarkett web site.

Regardless of whether you choose discount Tarkett flooring or any of the other high quality premium flooring products from such manufacturers as Bruce flooring Wilsonart or Mannington you will be pleased with your decision to enhance the richness of your home's decor with attractive environment improving flooring.

If you're in the market for the newest new flooring products consider Tarkett flooring discountflooringsuppliers. com discount flooring suppliers tarkett fiberfloor questions answers among the premium quality most admired flooring organizations in the business. Check out additional flooring products such as beautiful value enhancing discount hardwood flooring discountflooringsuppliers. com at DiscountFlooringSuppliers. com. Q A About Tarkett FiberFloor

Living in the Pink with Acai Berry

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Living in the Pink with Acai Berry by Anne Torres

Losing weight has been a fight for me for moderately a long time. I have been overweight all my life I have been teased by many people including my classmates in grades school high school.

Believe me it was the nastiest part of my life. Boys treated me badly because I was fat girls don't want to make friends with me. They only wanted to make friends wit skinny beautiful girls I did not qualify to their criteria at all. Not even close. Because of that losing those unnecessary fats has been my advocacy ever since. I was eager to try everything just to be thin.

I tried different kinds of diet pills but not any of them worked for me. I have even tried going to the gym daily but it did not work for me because after working out I just indulge myself with all my favorite food from pizza down to different kinds of deserts like chocolates ice cream. So the work out will just be a waste because of the food I take subsequently.

My mom helped me lose weight by providing me with different kinds of book reader's digest in losing weight for me to find wisdom inspiration strength of mind. But I have not read the books even. I hate reading so the books were just left in the shelves full of dirt dust.

Until one day I tried reading one of them there was an article about Acai berry the wonders that it can bring to women who want to lose weight.

Acai berry has startling substances that can help us get rid of our hunger for food. It binds fat meaning they remove all our food cravings like craving for chocolates ice cream. Acai berry also has antioxidants that are amazing for the skin for detoxification particularly in our colon.

After using acai berry kimsweightlossstory. wetpaint. comfor more than a few months I have lost a total of 15 lbs. Order acai kimsweightlossstory. wetpaint. com now live a healthy life. Living in the Pink with Acai Berry

Self Improvement It's your Choice

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Self Improvement It's your Choice by Sean Gomez

These days the word self improvement has become undeniably popular we are continuously bombarded with books videos even TV shows about these subjects. But truth be told is there really any sense to it Should you waste the money to buy the books videos that would supposedly help you improve not just yourself but your life as well The answer would vary from one person to the next simply because you have to believe in it for it to actually have an effect on your life.

The books would provide you with the information you need to get you on the path to self improvement. But only those who are willing would be able to really accomplish it. This is because understanding requires the desire to actually learn without it the books would be quite useless. Everybody can seek knowledge attend various workshops but without the want to actually take away something from it the efforts are futile.

Self improvement is like any other endeavor it takes commitment continuous effort a solid plan to achieve success. Fact is there are things in life that people tend to forget because of all the other things one has to do. Work eats up much of our time most people barely have enough time to enjoy other things. This is probably the worst offense when it comes to self improvement.

Learning to live a balanced life in terms of work play is essential. All work no play. . . well you no what they say. There would be no excitement that life would be empty. So setting a goal for yourself would help a lot when it comes to breaking that routine changing the path you're currently walking on. After all life is all about changes.

Books can provide you with the inspiration motivation to push forward with your goals. They inspire you to dream for something better give you the strength encouragement you need to achieve it. Think of them as silent cheerleaders that help you push through when times get a little tougher than usual.

Use whatever source of information that will provide you the guide to plan that meets your needs. They would make you imagine that life you could be leading in 10 years if you don't make the changes. Sometimes they also help in recovering lost dreams that one may have forgotten because of all the other things in life that's been taking up ones time.

We really can have the life we dream of with some work. There's no one holding us back but ourselves People have become so used to their way of life that they have ignores all the signs that say "Wrong Way". These books could help one see that help create a road map that would take one to where he or she wants to be.

Lastly self improvement is not a one time thing. You can't do it once then stop. Change is constant we must continuously change in order to better ourselves. When one is complacent we tend to become unproductive. Through self improvement we can all learn to look within ourselves find the motivation we need to move forward be something more.

Are you ready to change your life for the better Everyone has it within them to create a better life. Self improvement books selfimprovementbook. info are valuable resources that everyone should utilize. My new Self Improvement Ebook" selfimprovementebook. info will help you identify your goals to create a plan to reach them. Self Improvement It's your Choice

Selecting a Handgun Safe What You Need to Know

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Selecting a Handgun Safe What You Need to Know by Kenneth Elliott

A handgun safe is designed to protect secure your firearms. In fact it has become a standard law in many states that if you are a registered gun owner you are required to keep the guns in your home stored safely. These laws have been established to help protect children teenagers as well as other people that should not have access to the firearm. Handgun safes provide a level of safety from misuse can keep it secure in the event of a fire or other natural disaster.

A handgun safe is usually made of metal has some sort of locking mechanism such as a key combination or digital PIN code. Many different types of locking mechanisms are available on gun safes so be sure to choose one that meets your needs. If the gun is used for home security a digital lock might provide quicker access to the gun than looking for a key in the middle of the night. It's always a good idea if you choose a handgun safe with a key lock to store the key separately away form unit to restrict easy access by unauthorized units. Also many handgun safes are available with bolts along the hinged side of the door that bolt shut when locked. This prevents tampering by making it difficult to force entry into the safe. Lastly it usually a wise recommendation to store ammunition separately form firearm for added safety protection.

When shopping for a handgun safe at sites like iShopit. com you will most often find many models that offer some sort of fire protection. Look for safes that have a UL rating on them. These fireproof units are tested rated by Underwriters Laboratory UL are given UL ratings to rate the level of fire protection that a specific model provides.

If you keep a firearm in your home for safety protection a standard handgun safe will do the trick. If you are a gun collector or have antique models you might want to consider the investment in a safe that has a UL rating to help provide maximum protection against fire water damage. Or if you want to protect your firearms yet display them shop for a handgun safe that has a clear tempered glass allowing you to display them while keeping them secured.

Handgun safes come in various sizes can also hold longer guns rifles. When selecting a handgun safe or other security safe go with a trusted manufacturer like Sentry safe. For more information check out iShopit. com's full line of security safes.

ishopit has a large selection of gun safes ishopit. com 2 14343 Gun Safes to fit many areas of the house. They also have a large selection of fireproof safes ishopit. com 2 14386 Security & Fireproof Safes to protect documents other valuables. Selecting a Handgun Safe What You Need to Know

Talk to your Doctor About An Acai Berry Diet & Exercise

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Talk to your Doctor About An Acai Berry Diet & Exercise by Dana Hawkes

Many have considered an acai berry diet after hearing about the diet on multiple shows. Just like any other diet however it important to understand what you are getting into. Changing your diet drastically is always slightly dangerous. It is important to talk to your doctor about an acai berry diet.

It is important to come prepared. You want to make sure that you realize as much as possible about the acai berry diet before you go to the doctor. They may not be well versed in the diet so giving them the proper information can help them to help you. Let them know what the diet contains what the acai berry contains how you plan on using the diet.

Ask the doctor the right questions. Are there any side affects to large amounts of acai berries or the ingredients in an acai berry diet Are there any dangers to relying on acai berry juice Asking these questions will help you to be sure that the diet is safe.

Talk to the doctor about your diet exercise. The acai berry diet works in conjunction with smart eating exercise to help you lose weight. Talk to the doctor about what foods you should be eating. This will help you to make sure you are getting the foods you need while attempting to lose weight.

People jump into the acai berry diet just like they do with other fad diets. People hear the weight loss benefits fail to get the proper information or ask the proper questions. Talking to your doctor about an acai berry diet is important. It can help you to make sure that you are approaching the diet in the right way. This allows you to be both successful healthy.

Dana Hawkes lost over 45 pounds by following the Acai Berry Diet acaiberrydietnow. com you can do it too Visit her site now for more information about Acai Berry supplements the Acai Berry Diet acaiberrydietnow. com even get a free trial Talk to your Doctor About An Acai Berry Diet & Exercise

The Best Way to Get A Leadership Course & Self Development Skills

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The Best Way to Get A Leadership Course & Self Development Skills by Brian J Williams

If you are looking for a good leadership course or personal development consider the importance of the way you receive study the information. Although you are getting some good skill development from blogs articles putting those tips into action you might feel like you need a little more. You are skimming blogs on breaks at work or in between child care duties at home. & with bite sized posts of 500 words or so bloggers are only covering specific topics in discreet sections.

If you want to take yourself to a new level in your time management training you need to look beyond blogs listen to audios videos read books as well as blogs. Why Should I Read more than blogs Don't miss understand me blogs are great you can get true deep insights from individual blog posts. They are also easy to fit into your schedule there tends to be a focus on direct easy to implement advice. But other forms of time management training content can complement your learning in a very powerful manner.

Videos Audios Can Give You More complete Understanding in less time Books allow you to Focus More. Its an obvious point but a three hundred page book allows an author to fully examine a particular theme or theory. An 8 minute video with hand gestures facial expressions tone of voice can relay information more quickly clearly a three hundred word blog post does not allow for much depth can be limited by space. Video Books although very different can help you to make a substantial shift or step up a level in your thinking.

When You Read Books Watch Self Development Coaches on Video You Are Able to Focus More. Are you skimming this Look how Ive put in sub headers to guide you through the argument. If this was a book the paragraphs would be longer you might have pages pages without a subheading. When we read books or watch a Video we are captivated we tend to be much more focused than when reading articles or blogs no stopping to answer emails or see whats being said on Twitter.

You have Paid For The Book & or Video. We value things we have paid for over things that are free. While I am fully in favor of the easy access to free content available online I do find that I am more likely to commit myself to a focused reading when Ive paid for a book or take notes when viewing a brilliant self development coach on video.

Hopefully Ive convinced you of the why " now you just need to find time to apply these alternative methods. Finding Time in your Schedule to Read Books or Listen to Audio Videos. With most of us spending a lot of the day in front of a computer screen blogs slip easily into little gaps of time with content designed to be read in just a few minutes. Books are trickier " do you buy books leave them unread on a shelf for months even years Do you make resolutions to read consistently but end up falling into bed each night without having cracked the first chapter of your book

I find that the best way to make time for self development is simply to get into a book once Im in I am not distracted the extra time seems to appears out of nowhere Having said that you might find it easier if you can establish a routine of reading at a particular time of day if still time is factor videos can offer more content in much less time.

First Thing In The Morning. I start my day with a ten minute self development video session online it sets my day up for great things. The beginning of the day is great time to work on any big goal it means that your self development wont be squeezed out by other demands on your schedule.

During your Lunch Hour. If you have time during lunch " or if you end up looking at your myspace page " try online video or audio self development. If your eyes are tired of the computer screen find a park bench with a book away from fluorescent lights computer screens to really immerse yourself in a different world. Just this switch in environment will allow more absorption enjoyment of the material.

End Of The Working Day. If you are self employed or if you have a lot of control over your own hours you might find that watching a 10 minute self development video on parenting is good way to close the working day. This can also help you to switch off from work mode. This exercise is must for me.

What Should I look for in My Personal Development Plan So you have the time the desire to expand your Personal self development with insightful audio video books now you just need to find the right material.

Ive got a few favorites but I wont recommend them here your needs might be different than mine. This is how I found the books videos audios that I now love. Read Reviews or Join A Self Development Mastermind Group. Most popular self development authors are heavily reviewed on Amazon. com. You can often get a feel for which reviewers have similar objectives to yours. Sometimes one or two star reviews doesn't mean a book is bad " they just mean that a reader thought it would be a different sort of book

Do you have any favorite self improvement personal development or similar video audios or books Do you struggle to make time for self development Let us know about your tips experiences challenges in the comments

I would recommend that everyone that is committed to there personal development whether it time management leadership or just wanting to be a better person to join a Personal Development Plan Mastermind Group mastermind. ilearningnow. tv like this one. I have personally found that this internet video service is the best at providing expert directed on going personal development training Personal Development Plan ilearningnow. com The Best Way to Get A Leadership Course & Self Development Skills

Hotel Management Software for your Hospitality

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Hotel Management Software for your Hospitality by Nathaniel Block

Today businesses increasingly rely upon computers to do business. But a business computer without the proper software is practically useless to meet the needs of the business. This goes for any company in any industry including the hotel hospitality industry.

Hotel Management software provides a way for any company in the hospitality industry to increase efficiency maximize revenue. The size of the hotel really makes no difference anyone in the industry can use this software for their benefit to achieve better customer service.

Although the original hotel management software was simply designed to keep track of rooms guest reservations the latest software offers more features for the entire business. Today you can find features to track housekeeping special requests room service payment methods online reservations with online API's so your guests can book a room from your website. Today you can even find business card scanners to make check in that much easier.

Using hotel management software will only become simpler as it advances in features user interface experience. Employees will have an easier time learning mastering the software which will lead to more mistake free processes.

For the benefit of hotel managers owners the software features simple reporting so you know what areas of your business can use improvement.

One of the best features that Hotel Management software offers the biggest advantage you can have with the software is detailed client database to manage guest history. At the touch of a button your receptionist can know the last time a guest was in your hotel what room they stayed in what they ordered from room services what amenities they used last time they were with you. With this information you now have the ability to give personalize attention every repeat guest. Offer new services or upgrades they didn't use last time or give repeat service they enjoyed. By tailoring a personal package each time you will dramatically increase your repeat business.

With more a more efficient work force better more personalized customer service reporting for the managers hospitality software can have a major impact on to your hospitality business.

Hotel Management Software remcosoftware. com is the only way to confront the intricacies problems faced by hotel managers staff every day. Businesses large or small in the hospitality industry can benefit from hotel management software that makes processes much simpler. Wait till you see what it can do for your business. Hotel Management Software for your Hospitality

Have your Considered Buying A Tabletop Fountain

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Have your Considered Buying A Tabletop Fountain by Luna R. Salvage

You may feel completely overwhelmed with the prospect of buying a tabletop fountain. With so many choices thousands of models sizes colors of fountains you have multiple options. In your case the options have become considerably fewer now that you've zeroed in on the tabletop fountain. You might be looking for your own fountain though you may also be searching for the right fountain for someone you know. There are many reasons why you might want to buy a tabletop fountain.

You should be able to find a tabletop fountain at a very reasonable price a boon for the cost conscious. You can find very elegant tabletop models that fit well with your interior design. A tabletop fountain also offers additional health benefits it proven relaxation tools that can bring a sliver of serenity to any room of the house.

When you're not sure where a fountain would the most benefit a tabletop fountain is easy to move until you find the right spot. The mobility of these smaller fountains makes them ideal for the workplace because they can take very little place in lobbies or reception area spreading their soothing sounds to those waiting. When you have a tabletop fountain at home you might want it the living room or dining room for visitor appreciation. The tabletop fountain is perfect for almost any occasion since they permeate the living space with a relaxing ambiance.

The tabletop fountain is also an economical way to decorate the home that is well within the means of most people offers far more advantages than other forms of dcor. It is understandable why tabletop fountains seem to be a great way to go.

If you are sure you want to buy a tabletop fountain then you may wish to start browsing online to get ideas about what kind you want. There is no shortage of specialty sites on the web that sell fixtures like fountains at great discount prices.

It makes no difference what sort of tastes or preferences you have; there is tabletop fountain for you. Whether you like contemporary designs covered with patterns strong colors or simple designs that seek to duplicate the sounds of nature you have plenty of variety. There are so many opportunities for you to find a great tabletop fountain that will fill your rooms with its rejuvenating rhythms.

It is interesting to note the centuries old connection between the Chinese philosophy called Feng Shui a fixture like the tabletop fountain. What is mildly annoying is that some stores attempt to differentiate between so called "feng shui" fountains other types of fountains. This distinction is meaningless when you understand that any fountain will provide good chi flow by virtue of the water that flows through it.

If you want to experience a tabletop fountain get out there check one out. Find out if what you've read about them is true. Don't be ashamed to enjoy the pleasures of these small but effective fixtures.

I like to try out tabletop fountains traditionalfountain. com TableTop Fountains. php write about new cool indoor water fountains. I enjoy the relaxation that indoor tabletop fountains posting lend to me. Have your Considered Buying A Tabletop Fountain